Entomofaunal Diversity of Daha River in Siwan

Department of Zoology
D.A.V.P.G. College, Siwan, India


Introduction

Insects are tracheates arthropods, undoubtely form, the most successful group in the animal kingdom. It is estimated that more than 1 million species have been described. Insects are aquatic and terrestrial both. Truly aquatic insects are those that spend some part of their life cycle closely associated with water either living beneath the surface. Less than 5% of the insects are aquatic.
Insects are aquatic macro-invertebrate. They are intimately related with the environment. Any alteration produced in the physical or chemical status of a reverine ecosystem becomes recognizable through the community structure of the organization. In fact the presence and absence of certain species or of their associations can gives a fairly accurate estimation of the degree of pollution present. Insect or Entomofaunal diversity acts as a tool for making an integrated assessment of water quality in the river. (Met Calfe & Smith : 1994, Kar 1991).

Materials and Methods

Daha-river originates from a chaura of small village name Sasamusa of Kuchaikot at Goplaganj district. This river walks its own mood through Siwan which is located in North-Western part of Bihar, an inter fluvial region of the river Ghaghra and Gandak. This district extends from 25o00' N to 26o52' N to latitude and 84o00' E to 84o47' E Longitude. This river is moderately polluted and received distillery - effluents during some season and sewage from town.
During the present study from Nov. 2005 to Dec. 2007) Insect were collected from different sites with the help of ordinary hand pond net. The Entomofaunal sample were collected and brought to the laboratory and preserved in 70% alcohol or 5% Formalin. Macro invertebrates were identified by using standard key and book of "Fresh Water Invertebrates by Robert W. Pennak (1978) and S. Mani (1982).

Results and Discussion

The study revealed that insects were comparatively more abundant than molluses and other aquatic There are some interesting insect present in this river. These are Belostoma and Neoplea. In Belostomatidae family - Belostoma spheroderma, the female cement their eggs on the back of the male and male carries them about for a week. The number of eggs may be 150. In pleidae, Neoplea or pigrny (back swimmers) are smallest aquatic hemiptera. Its body is strongly arched.
Since macro-invertebrates are pollution indicators, Insects are divided into three class depending upon the degree of pollution. In the present investigation the chironomous larva, Notonecta, Ephydra, Syrphidium larva, simulium and ceratopogon larva were grouped as class III, i.e. present in polluted water, similar was reprted by (Das 1989 and Gaufin 1974). Entomo fauna including - caddisfly larva, Mayfly nymph of dragon fly and damsel fly, Dineutus, Gyrinus, Nepa, Corixa, Belosomatidae, Heleidae, Ranantra are grouped under class II, i.e. where water was moderately polluted. Similar was reported by (David and Ray 1966, Gaufin 1974, Das 1989 and Prasad and Vanshney, 1990).
Thus, Daha river is a unique river, shows richness in entomofaunal diversity. The main aim of this research is to study the entomofaunal diversity and steps taken to protect it.
Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to the Head of the dept. of Zool., D.A.V. College, Siwan for providing facilities and encouragement.
  invertebrates Entomofaunal diversity of Daha river has 22 species belonging to the following - Seven Taxonomic orders. These were - Emphemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Eighteen families of these orders are :- Gerridae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Nepeidae, Corixidae, Belostomatidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tanyodinae, Simulidae, Heleidae, Ephydridae,

List of Entomofaunal Recoded from River DAHA during the period of Investigation qaq

Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae and Haliplidae
References:-

(1) David, A and Ray, P (1966) - A case of fish mortality caused by precipitation of Feric Iron in the river Daha at Siwan, North Bihar, Indian J. of fish 9(1) - 117 - 122.
(2) Das, S.M. (1989) - Hand book of limnology and water pollution. South Asian Publication Pvt. Ltd., N. Delhi.
(3) Gaufir, A.R. (1974) - Biological indices of Environmental Change in Aquatic Habitats, In Industrial pollution (ed) Sax I.N. Van, Nostrand Rei hold Company, N. York.
(4) Kar, J.R. (1991) - Biological integrity : a long neglected aspect of water resource management.
(5) Met Calfe & Smith J.L. (1994) - Biological water quality assessment of rivers : use of macro invertebrate Communities In (Calow P. & Petts, G.E. Ed) The River hand book, Vol II, Black well scientific publ. U.K.
(6) Prasad, Mr. Varshney R.K. (1990) - The Odonata of Bihar, India Rec. Zool. Survay India Occ. paper no. - 110:1-47.
(7) Robert W. Penak (1978) - Fresh water invertebrates of United State, 2nd ed., A wiley Interscince Publication, John Wiley & Sons N. York.
(8) S. Mani (1982) - General Entomology, 3rd ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

 

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