BLUE EYE TECHNOLOGY

Pradeep Jha, Patna, India


ABSTRACT

Blue eyes technology was developed by IBM research center at Almaden. It consists of modern video cameras and sensors. Blue eyes Technology is designed to provide computers with clues on how a users "feels". Blue eyes are working on determining a variety of information from user through facial expressions, through eyes, through voice and through its presence. Emotion mouse uses various sensors to get information about the user who is using mouse. SUITOR is a simple user interest tracker, scroll point mouse is designed for the user to scroll the screen up, down, or sideways without having to steal his visual attention away from what he is currently doing, MAGIC is a manual and gaze Input cascaded pointing uses eyes in conjunction with hand to move the cursor on the screen.

INTRODUCTION

Communication is often described as a two way street, but the analogy of a multilane highway would be clor,?r to the truth. People communicate by words and local inflections by subtle bodily movements and nuances of gaze, by touch and gesture, and even by uncontrollable reactions like blushing or falling speechless.

By comparison, human - computer interaction is an impoverished affair. The primary interfaces - a keyboard and pointing device - not only force the user to master new techniques but they restrict the range of the interaction, scientist at IBM Research labs around the world are working on a wide range of human computer interaction technologies that are helping to make it easier to get computers to do what we want them to do.

Human cognition depends primarily on the ability to perceive, interpret and integrate audio visual and sensory information. Adding extraordinary perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers with human beings as intimate partner. Thus Blue eyes Technology add more capabilities

The basic feature of Blue Eyes Technology is the video camera used is the most advanced and uses very important technologies i.e. charge coupled Device Technology.

EVOLUTION OF CCD

The charge couple Device (CCD) was Invented in the late 1960 by researchers at Bell Laboratory, originally conceived as a new type of Computer memory circuit, it soon become apparent that the CCD had many other potential applications, including signal processing and imaging.

CCD'S being on a thin wafer of silicon processed with a series of steps that define the various functions with the circuit. On each wafer lie several identical devices, or die, each capable of yielding a functional device. Selected die are then cut from the wafer and packed in a carrier for use in a system. Like the engine of a car, the CCD sensor in a digital camera act as the primary tool to capture an image in its most elementary form. The CCD sensor is like the camera's" Electronic Eye" - collecting light and converting it to charge and susequently emitting the signal that results in a digital image. The CCD is shown below :

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There are different methods by which the image is captured by CCD sensors. But for the Blue Eye Technology the full frame image capture technique is used. It allows more charge capacity better dynamic range, reduced noise and delivery of optical resolution.

Full frame CCDS consist of a parallel CCD shift register, a serial register and a signal sensing output amplifier in a full frame

The blue eyes technology proposes various revolutions in computing devices these are explained below.

EMOTION MOUSE

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The need of an hour is to design an adaptive smart computer system that could possibly recognize your face gestures, speed and even track your eye. An alternative approach to gather personal information through touch . A smart computer can gain information about the user through touch via a special mouse and determine his emotional state, which in turn is related to the task user is currently involved in with the computer.

Emotional aspect of a person are critical for rational decision making In other words, emotion detection is the best approach to an adaptive computer system by imparting the computer a longitudenal understanding of emotional state of the user, it could adapt a working style that fit's well users requirements.

THE OPERATION computer and humans. And the simple user interest trackers (SUITOR) is a revolutionary approach in this direction.

By observing the webpage a netizen is browsing, the suitor can help fetch more related information at his desktop. By simply noticing where the users eyes focus on the computer screen the SUITOR can be more precise eyes focus on the computer screen the SUITOR can be more precise in determineing his topic of interest. If can even deliver relevant information to a handheld device.

SUITOR WORKING

SUITOR fills a scrolling ticker on a computer screen with information related to the users current task. SUITOR knows where you are looking what application you are working and what web pages you may browsing. If we are reading a webpage about something and If we need to read the heading off the ticker, it pops up the story in a Browser window. If we start to read the story it adds related stories to the tickes. That's the whole idea of an attentive system. One that attends to what you are doing, typing, reading. So that it can attend to yours information need. (Ticker is a type of watcher, or a type machine)

SCROLL POINT MOUSE

IBM'S scroll points mouse is one of the latest example of the products emerging from its activity. The scroll point mouse was originally designed to satisfy the underlying principles of a good user interface. The user interacts with his computer, and computer understands his interests based on what he is doing.

The scroll point mouse allows the user to scroll the screen up, down, or sideways, without having to steal his visiual attention away from what he is currently doing. The user needs not fiddle with scroll bars or move the window up and down, nor will he have to divert his attention frequently for doing such acts.

OPERATION

The solution which was driven by intensive human factors studies was to put a scrolling joystick on the mouse itself. The

 

to computer that will allow them to interact like humans, recognize human presence, talk, listen or even guess there feeling.

Broadly saying that, Blue eyes is aiming at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory abilities like those of Human beings.

BLUE EYE TECNOLOGY

THE TECHNOLOGY

The Blue Eye Technology uses non obtrusive sensing methods, employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identify the user's action through the uses of imparted sensory abilities. The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realise physical or emotional states. The valance extraction is related to the emotions.

The three studies made by different scientist make an attempt to quantify emotions Peter Lang Explored the use of slodes to induce emotion in subjects. He than assigned and arousal co-ordinates to each picture and mapped them in two dimentional spce. Ward Winton, Lios Potnam and Robert Krauss added Heart rate sensors (HR) and galvanic skin conduction detectors (SC) to subject, viewing simiar evocative slide. Winton, Putnam and Krauss correlated their slides pleasantness against the measure HR and SC of the subject. Dr Manfred Clynes asked his subjects to remember and relive past emotional experiences while collecting senatic data from his subjects.

Combining test of all 5 of these researcher provide a new technique for measuring the valance of the stimulus. The work of Dr. Clynes illustrates that valence can readily be extracted from senatic data and the work Waston, Putnam and Krauss demonstrates the valence information exists in the acceleration of Heart rate.

VIDEO CAMERAS

CCD, the exposure is controlled by a mechanical shutter or strobe to preserve scene integrity, because a parallel register is used for both scene detection and read out.

Images are optically projected on to the parallel arrays, which acts as the image plane. The device takes the scene information and partition it into discrete elements, which are defined by the number of pixels "quantizing" the scene. The resulting rows of information are then shifted in a parallel fashion to the serial registers which shifts the information to the output as a serial stream of data. This process repeats untill all row are transferred off the chip.

After the image is captured, the energy associated with each pixel is absorbed by the silicon and a reaction takes place that creates an electron hole charge pair. The number of electrons collected at each pixel is linearly dependent on light level and exposure time and non linearly dependent on wavelength.

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SPECIAL FEATURES

The camera's used have increased blue channel reaponse. This is done by leveraging Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), an advanced technology to replace the polysilicon sensor in digital cameras.

The key benefit of the ITO sensor is its ability to increase spectral response from the camera allowing two and one half times more blue light to reach the sensor. Therefore improving the colour accuracy and reducing image noise.

COMPUTER PROJECTS

The computer will determine the emotional state the user when he simply touches the mouse. Sensors in themouse sense the physiological attributes which, intern, are related to the personal emotional state. The changes in the temperature of the fingers also form a reliable measure for prediction of the users emotion.

The other physiological measures that may affect the emotions of the user are A) HEART RATE

Heart rate is the frequency at which the heart generates impulses.

B) GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE In response to an external stimulus (stimulus is anything which excites functional activity in an organ or part), such as touching a sharp points the resistance of skin response.

C) GALVANIC SOMATIC ACTIVITY (GSA)

The activities of afferent nerves that carry sensory information from the sensors on the skin to the brain is called as galvanic somatic activity. D) BLOOD PRESSURE

This is the pressure exerted by the blood vessel walls usually refers to the pressure within the arteries. Heart rate are measured through a chest strap sensor. GSA samples are taken through the mouse driver. GSR sample through finger tips. Blood pressure through blood pressure sensor (BVP) which the user have to wear. ADVANTAGE

Today, most computer users spend three fourth of their time scrolling through the screen using the input device, mouse, thus using emotion mouse this time is reduced to a large extend. SUITOR

The need of the present scenario is to develop intimate relationship between the saddle shaped control responds to finger pressure exerted forward or backward, as well as left or right. The finger can be easily positioned on it without looking at the mouse. It is also very efficient because it embodies the concept of rate control. The harder you push the faster the document scroll.

The first model came out in 1997 An improved version, with control resolution and continuous scrolling, was shipped at the end of 1999. And the scroll point program relation 2000 adds a scupled shape for greater comfort.

MAGIC

Another technology termed as magic (manual and gaze input cascaded) pointing used eyes in conjuction with hands. When the user stares at a specific area on the screen and touches the mouse simulteneously the cursor moves automatically to the area that the user is currently looking at with an accuracy of 1.27 cm (0,5 inch). In this the gaze tracking camera follow your eyes, but your fmgures have to be involved as well. When you use gaze initiated cursor, you just look at the screen and touch the input device and the cursor moves close to where you are looking and then you make the final adjustment with the input device.

FUTURE FUTURE APPLICATION 1. The Massachusetts institute of Technology (MIT) is currently involved in project called 'oxygen' being a personal network composing both hardware and software, oxygen sits atop the global network. Each unit has a small screen, camera, GPS module. Handy 21 mobile phone, infrared detector, handy radio and a network connected device that needs to be programmed as per requirement.

2. This technology is endless ranging from the voice operated lighting system at your house hold to the most advanced aeroplanes that can communicates with the pilot.


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